Period of the Thirty Years War (1618-1648)
XVII century Spain lost its hegemony over Europe, which had been achieved through the collection of conquest, this decline occurred due to several factors, among which include the fact that the wealth that flowed from overseas to Spain did not allow a permanent enrichment another is the expulsion of the Moors ordered by King Philip III, causing a loss of military and industrial right and the character and the inability of the monarchy during this century, another feature to take into account that the monarchy was not an end state centralized, more territories were still very distant and very different from each other. The kingdoms of Spain and Austria were somehow a single dynasty, the Habsburgs, in principle, then kings kings brothers cousins \u200b\u200blinks that led Spain to sacrifice for Austria during the war to end with the final end of the English pre-eminence.
Tuesday, October 19, 2010
Neck Pain Get Worse When I Sleep
The war has two main causes lie in the peace of 1555, the first is that you respect the prohibition provided by this in terms of the secularization of church property and second that it does not recognize Calvinists, who demanded legal equality to have gained importance and commitment in Germany, compared to Catholics and Lutherans who were themselves recognized, thus it was essential to revise the treaty and formed a league of Catholic princes, who wished ambitious even recover what they had lost, on the other hand, the Protestant Union proclaimed the dethronement of the Habsburgs in Bohemia and election as king of Frederick, Elector Palatine Calvinist, thus starting the war, in which Austria and Spain are in conjunction with the Catholic princes and where Federico had the help of his father James I of England and the Lutheran princes of northern Germany, unfortunately did not support any of these parts. This first meeting was victorious Empire (1620), the Protestant worship was again banned in Bohemia and Spain was the center of the European stage, which allowed him to move on the Netherlands, where the taking of the city of Breda represented the pinnacle of the Empire as it was opposed to this England and France unsuccessfully, this resulted in the breaking of the balance between Protestants and Catholics in Europe, a situation which led the invasion of Germany by Christian IV, King of Denmark and Norway, supported by funding from multiple English and German princes both Calvinists as Lutherans, thus begins the second phase of the war, resulting in the expulsion of the Danish Lutheran estates and at the mercy Catholic League (1626), which allowed the return to the Church of All properties that had been secularized in the peace of 1555, this alarmed the Lutheran princes, especially the most power, the Sweden of Gustavus Adolphus who in 1631 achieved a first victory for the front followed by other Protestant ended with the Peace of Prague in 1635 in favor of empire changed a few concessions, the Empire was exhausted, but unfortunately the policy of France desquebrajarÃa peace with the objective Alsace to wrest the Holy Roman Empire and began the last stage or phase of the war France, where since 1640 the Habsburgs were to break down their dynastic rule, attacks and riots all domains, Portugal, Naples and Catalonia were vindicated, successful repressions against the latter two forces were left without the Empire depleted, unable to retrieve progress against Portugal or Holland and France lost the prestige of the English infantry and led to the ultimate destruction of the imperial structure embodied in the Peace of Westphalia, by which each prince was invested with sovereign authority to make war and peace and establish their own religion within its territory, France got Alsace, Sweden was part of Pomerania, the Empire and become divided electorates, Switzerland and the Netherlands become free and independent states, stipulated legal equality for Lutherans and Calvinists, the territories of the church belong to the crowns for both Catholics and Protestants should be part of the imperial courts. This will put an end to the war of religion by establishing a modern, clear after the interests of religion were the two opposing dynasties, the Habsburgs and the Bourbons and was structured as a result the modern European political system based on the legal equality of states, the principle of modern international law and international regimes need to protect civilians in times of war also marked the end of English hegemony in the hands of France.
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