Throughout the nineteenth century an increasing number of policy involved, from different positions, even and, notably, from pressure, rebellion and insurrection of the masses every time most popular, and socialism, nationalism, radicalism, liberalism, were all ideologies that had not ever participated in politics, which was notable, after the Paris Commune did not meet European civil wars, with the exception of Russia as great reform laws were sanctioned and the revolutionaries had organized themselves into political parties, international and some very massive, many coming to power is moderated as it was in France while increasing the votes for the left these were made over center and even more right, France in 1871 already had universal suffrage own freedoms of democracy emerged in the early 1880, as is the case of teaching, free, secular and compulsory, freedom of assembly, press, association, municipal, etc., the separation of church and state was already accomplished by 1905 and in a moment exacerbated nationalism threatened the foundations of the republic itself. In England only managed to progressively universal suffrage, the reforms were not the monopoly of the Liberals, there were two parties, conservatives and liberals, both introduced social reforms, political and administrative. In Germany, as a confederation, held a parliament elected by universal suffrage representatives, federal and other reforms existed 'own states; Bismarck to fight the socialists created a series of socialist reforms but with a great sense paternalistic, highlights the progressive income tax, but what really prevented a democratic regime was the complete independence of the executive with respect to the people ( Foreign Minister and ministers appointed by the Emperor), also influenced the predominant influence of the military. Russia was a particular case, until 1905 was purely autocratic government, the assassination of Czar Alexander in 1881 further strengthened him, and police officials had almost unlimited powers, permanent feudal structure, the almost non-existent civil society, the emerging bourgeoisie and central ends of the branches became more despotic than enlightened absolutism paternalistic Russian, the pauperization of the peasant discontent joined the defeat by Japan and the workers' strikes ended in a revolution, a general strike broke out, the only attempt of the Czar was the creation of the Duma, which for being chosen and not have a competition ended with no powers on their own and eventually disbanded. Universal suffrage in Italy. Became available in 1920, nationalism was seen divided by interpretations reformist socialists and socialist character of a radical nature, revolutionary or Marxist, anarchists and trade unionism began to play important roles to and from the political bourgeoisie allied with the proletariat and the peasantry until 1848, at which time he was privileged and comfortable as to continue to build an emancipation that they are no longer favorable, by contrast, reactions the riots began to be bourgeois tactics against a proletariat demanding. Russia became an autocracy into a dictatorship of the proletariat, where individual freedoms are sacrificed to higher interests, for reasons of state. The essential phenomenon of inter-war period, the antagonism between socialism and liberalism was added a third ingredient, called fascism, cutting extreme nationalist, statist and bourgeois, both communism and fascism were totalitarian regimes. Fascism in Italy was the answer to the existence of a democratic system inefficient, unstable and the existence of numerous and strong leftist parties, particularly communists and a large group of ultra-nationalists, the latter exacerbated product cost-benefit of the Great War The economic crisis experienced following this, the broken promises, the widespread discontent with a system of state and government and crystallization in the person of a mass leader, national feelings and social reactionaries clear that the system, both Socialists and the Liberals. At the end of the war the situation Italian economy was unfortunate, being a victorious power, so the veterans' group, the petty bourgeoisie joined this group of far-right nationalist and reactionary protest and partly as a result of unfair treatment that took Italy into the Great War the great powers comes from Milan who in 1919 Mussolini founded fascism, planning a series of social reforms, conquests, the elimination of all political parties as the cause of all evil, creating a strong government with centralized power in the will a great leader, eliminating the principles of liberalism in politics and social life, as opposed to the ideologies of left, made in principle and punishing violent activists were especially against the communists, socialists, trade unionists and leftist groups all time seeker of great social redistribution, equal, contrary to the institutions and even against the state in some cases, were fascist all the masses, the demagogic speeches adhered people of all walks of life and longed for the reconstruction of Italian grandeur, were based on force as a means of access to and use of power, supported by the monarchy, which asked Mussolini forming government, it comes to power without any plan but with big ambitions, gradually established his dictatorship, the broad popular support served to eliminate the parties, change the constitution and abolish the cameras, supported by a corporate system, the greatest achievement of fascism was Germany.
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