After the Congress of Vienna Europe experienced long period of peace, for 40 years there was no war between the great powers after the Crimean War of 1854 there was no general conflict for 60 years; international order created by Vienna was more based on the balance of power as a holder than any other system, it did not need power to stay, just maintaining the status quo time, Europe joined rightly deeply shared values, the security was just a mechanism of this system included the ideological harmony in a broad sense. The kingdom of Italy was formed by France, was dependent on this, in fact the legal structure was the extent of it, the kingdom of Naples, the Duchy of Warsaw and the territories between the Rhine and Elbe are an example of the influence less directly, on which France had removed the old regime but had remained in their internal structures; Prussia is an example of positive resistance, and that while no influence was reformed was left to be perfectly competent, the case of Austria and Russia are the negative resistance, as only reacting to France by the attachment to tradition, England, since 1800 called the United Kingdom of Great Breteña and Ireland already had a sufficiently liberal regime to attempt or be changed by France, in Italy, as in the case of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany had no constitutional text but the tolerance of the enlightened despots, Spain was restored under the absolute rejection of the constitutional text of 1812, the autocratic, despotic and paternalistic jumped Russia with Tsar Alexander I, who given some autonomy to Poland, and made a genuine constitution introducing the figure of a bicameral Diet, an appointed Senate and nuncios representing the people, and in 1815 Europe was divided into absolute and constitutional monarchies with the exception of the Swiss Republic and four free cities in Germany and Krakow, if we draw a line we could say that Europe was ruled by landowners and in some states (France and England) with rapid pre-eminence was a progressive increase over the importance of participation of the bourgeoisie in government, the common denominator was no doubt the value and power of tradition, of the nobility and illiberal the privileged aristocracy and clinging to the structures of the old regime. Incipient constitutionalism was, if not it is more declarative than effective, but the difference is that back then was even more removed from reality and practice, from the standpoint of policy and sociology, it is also true that these constitutions were the minimum to maintain a certain order in societies that required major changes, which is why after 1815 began a period of constant revolutions that do nothing to show discontent to the shortcomings of these early liberal measures introduced by the restoration, including parties seemed to be more progressive, it happens that in reality the progress set in Vienna was fully apparent, and in their own laws excluded in many cases the right to free organizations and where there was a lot of control of education and literature in Italy was the industrial revolution which came about in practice the existence of revolutions, which were based on the principles Liberals expanded by the French Revolution.
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